MongoDB 8.0 单机生产部署文档

环境：AlmaLinux 10.1 / 4C8G调优 / MongoDB 8.0.23   目标：2000并发生产数据库

一、安装包准备

安装包：https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel93-8.0.23.tgz

RHEL9 编译，兼容 AlmaLinux 10

二、部署步骤

1. 解压安装

cd /root
tar -xzf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel93-8.0.23.tgz
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel93-8.0.23 /usr/local/mongo

2. 创建用户和组

groupadd -g 27017 mongo
useradd -u 27017 -g mongo -s /sbin/nologin -M mongo

3. 创建目录结构

mkdir -p /usr/local/mongo/{conf,data,log,run}
chown -R mongo:mongo /usr/local/mongo

4. 部署配置文件

cat > /usr/local/mongo/conf/mongod.conf << 'EOF'
# MongoDB 8.0 生产配置 - 按4C8G调优，目标2000并发

storage:
  dbPath: /usr/local/mongo/data
  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 6
      journalCompressor: snappy
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: snappy
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /usr/local/mongo/log/mongod.log
  logRotate: rename

net:
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,172.30.30.6
  port: 27017
  maxIncomingConnections: 4000
  wireObjectCheck: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /usr/local/mongo/run/mongod.pid

security:
  authorization: enabled

operationProfiling:
  mode: slowOp
  slowOpThresholdMs: 100
EOF

chown mongo:mongo /usr/local/mongo/conf/mongod.conf

5. 系统内核优化

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/99-mongodb.conf << 'EOF'
vm.swappiness=10
vm.dirty_ratio=15
vm.dirty_background_ratio=5
net.core.somaxconn=65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65535
fs.file-max=100000
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-mongodb.conf

6. 文件描述符限制

cat > /etc/security/limits.d/99-mongodb.conf << 'EOF'
mongo soft nofile 65535
mongo hard nofile 65535
mongo soft nproc 65535
mongo hard nproc 65535
EOF

7. THP（Transparent Huge Pages）配置

MongoDB 8.0 使用 tcmalloc-google 分配器，需按以下配置：

# 临时生效
echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo defer+madvise > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/max_ptes_none

# 开机自动配置
cat > /etc/systemd/system/disable-thp.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Configure THP for MongoDB tcmalloc-google

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled && echo defer+madvise > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag && echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/max_ptes_none'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable disable-thp

8. 配置 systemd 服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/mongod.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB 8.0 Database Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=mongo
Group=mongo
Environment=GLIBC_TUNABLES=glibc.pthread.rseq=0
ExecStart=/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongo/conf/mongod.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --shutdown --config /usr/local/mongo/conf/mongod.conf
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65535
LimitNPROC=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mongod

9. 安装 mongosh 客户端

curl -sL https://downloads.mongodb.com/compass/mongosh-2.8.3-linux-x64.tgz -o /root/mongosh.tgz
tar -xzf /root/mongosh.tgz -C /usr/local/mongo/ --strip-components=1 --wildcards '*/bin/*'

10. 启动 MongoDB

systemctl start mongod

11. 创建管理员账号

mongosh --quiet --eval 'db.getSiblingCode("admin").createUser({user: "root", pwd: "123456", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})'

12. 验证

mongosh -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin --eval 'db.getSiblingDB("admin").runCommand({ping:1})'
# 期望输出: { ok: 1 }

三、目录结构

/usr/local/mongo/
├── bin/            # 二进制程序（mongod, mongos, mongosh）
├── conf/           # 配置文件
│   └── mongod.conf
├── data/           # 数据文件
├── log/            # 运行日志
│   └── mongod.log
└── run/            # PID文件
    └── mongod.pid

四、4C8G 调优参数说明

五、日常运维

# 启动 / 停止 / 重启
systemctl start mongod
systemctl stop mongod
systemctl restart mongod

# 查看状态
systemctl status mongod

# 连接数据库
mongosh -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin

# 查看启动告警（应为空）
mongosh -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin --eval 'db.adminCommand({getLog:"startupWarnings"})'

# 查看连接数
mongosh -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin --eval 'db.serverStatus().connections'

# 查看缓存使用
mongosh -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin --eval 'db.serverStatus().wiredTiger.cache'

# 查看日志
tail -f /usr/local/mongo/log/mongod.log